Phocine distemper virus, the agent responsible for the 1988 mass mortality of seals.

The biochemical characterisation of phocine distemper virus (PDV) has shown that PDV is related to but clearly distinct from canine distemper virus (CDV) and relative to its relationship with CDV is only remotely related to the other morbilliviruses, namely measles virus (MV) or rinderpest virus (RPV) and peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV). Comparative studies with monoclonal antibodies indicate that the virus is serologically closely related to CDV with many conserved epitopes, particularly on the internal proteins of the virus, while the external attachment (H) protein shows the greatest level of variability among the distemper virus isolates. The analysis of the viral proteins by electrophoresis indicates molecular weight differences between CDV and PDV in the fusion (F), phosphoprotein (P), H, nucleocapsid (N) and matrix (M) proteins. The RNA profiles of CDV and PDV are indistinguishable and different from those for RPV and MV. Nucleotide sequence analysis of cDNA clones of the virus show approximately 70% homology between CDV and PDV and approximately 48% with MV. These data prove that PDV is a different virus from CDV and co-circulates with it probably primarily in sea mammals.     

Architecture d’un réseau actif à base de services Web

This paper presents a novel active architecture for building and deploying network services:aswa, Web Services based Active network Architecture. At the architectural level,aswa defines an active node whose functionalities are divided into the Node Operating System, the Execution Environment, and the Active Applications. At the implementation level,aswa is a Web Services based platform where new components could be added and deployed, in order to dynamically modify network nodes behavior. Applications can be developed with any language and communicate across heterogeneous environments, and across Internet and Intranet structures. At the deployment levelaswa uses an active node approach, and offers a controlled deployment mode. In terms of security, Authentication of deployed code and protection of the nodes is achieved by the use ofhttps and the header extensions of thesoap envelope. Finally to validate this architecture,aswa defines a Firewall as an Active Application to secure the code deployment.     

菊粉对Labneh浓缩酸乳微观结构和质构的影响

研究了添加菊粉对脱脂乳制备的Labneh(一种浓缩酸乳)物理和感官性质的影响。将市售菊粉按不同比例( 1%、3%、5 %和7% )加入至复配脱脂乳粉(reconstitutedskimmilkpowder,RSMP)制作Labneh样品。通过对酸乳宏观和微观结构的分析发现,添加菊粉后,Labneh凝胶结构和凝胶强度都有所改善。实验表明,与未加菊粉的酸乳相比,含有脂肪替代品的酸乳的微观结构比较均匀、疏松且开放度较高。感官评定的结果表明,5 %菊粉复配脱脂乳粉制作的酸乳与全脂牛乳制作的Labneh相比具有相似的特征,对全脂牛乳制作的样品和添加3%、5 %、7%菊粉的样品的统计分析结果没有显著的差别     

Response of Red Blood Cell Folate to Supplementation in Nonpregnant Women is Predictable: A Proposal for Personalized Supplementation

Scope

We modeled red blood cell (RBC)‐folate response to supplementation and developed personalized folate supplementation concepts.

Methods and results

The changes of RBC‐folate were modeled in a time‐ (4 or 8 weeks) and dose‐ (400 or 800 μg d^?1 folate) dependent manner. Post‐supplementation RBC‐folate levels were predicted from folate‐loading capacities (= measured RBC‐folate – [baseline RBC‐folate × RBC‐survival]). The prediction equations were validated in 119 participants. The median increase of RBC‐folate was higher in the 800 μg d^?1 than in the 400 μg d^?1 group (275 vs 169 nmol L^?1 after 4 weeks, and 551 vs 346 nmol L^?1 after 8 weeks). Medians (interquartile range) of RBC‐folate loading were (4 weeks: 299 (160) vs 409 (237) nmol L^?1) and (8 weeks: 630 (134) versus 795 (187) nmol L^?1) in the 400 and 800 μg d^?1 group, respectively. The individual measured and predicted RBC‐folate values (after 4 weeks/400 μg d^?1 = 25 + 1.27 × baseline RBC‐folate) and (after 4 weeks/800 μg d^?1 = 65 + 1.41 × baseline RBC‐folate) did not differ significantly. The measured and predicted concentrations showed high agreement in the validation cohort.

Conclusions

The models can guide nutritional recommendations in women when baseline RBC‐folate concentrations are measured and the time to pregnancy between 4 and 8 weeks.

     

利用太赫兹技术研究煤炭中的灰分含量与碳含量

太赫兹时域光谱（THz-TDS）是以飞秒激光为基础的新型的相干远红外光谱测量技术。本文运用THz-TDS技术研究了5种不同种类的煤炭样品在THz波段的光谱特征,结果表明光谱通过各种煤炭样品后有不同的延迟时间和吸收曲线,样品吸收曲线斜率值（K）与样品中灰分含量与碳含量有密切关系。吸收曲线斜率值（K）随灰分含量成指数关系递增,随碳含量成指数关系递减。THz-TDS技术能够分辨煤质的微小差异,可以应用于煤质检测和分析,为煤炭品质和种类的鉴定提供了新的实验方法。     

用太赫兹时域光谱定性鉴别十六烷值增进剂的产品性能

十六烷值增进剂是目前用途最为广泛的石油添加剂之一,用以提高柴油的点火性能。目前市场上的十六烷值增进剂种类繁多,质量难免参差不齐。本文将三种不同种类的十六烷值增进剂按不同的体积比添加到0#柴油中,通过对比样品的十六烷值增长率和太赫兹吸收光谱,表明太赫兹时域光谱作为一种快速、无损的检测手段,能够有效的预测十六烷值增进剂对柴油自燃性的提升效果,可以用于在线质量检测。     

Preparation of high‐substituted cationic starch in presence of organic bases

Cross‐linked N‐(hydroxypropyl)–N,N,N–trimethylammonium starch chlorides (CQS) with preserved microgranules, degree of substitution (DS) from 0.18 to 1.05 are prepared by reaction of starch with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTAC) accelerated by benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (BTMAOH) or tertiary amines–triethylamine (TEA) and dimethylbenzylamine (DMBA). When BTMAOH instead of NaOH is used as a catalyst, the reaction of cross‐linked starch (CS) with GTAC proceeds slightly slower and with a lower efficiency (RE). DMBA unexpectedly showed similar catalyst efficiency as BTMAOH. It is suggested that the reason for such phenomena is the reaction of GTAC with tertiary amines and the formation of strong bases – quaternary ammonium hydroxides. They actually catalyse starch cationization. DMBA is more active in this reaction in comparison with TEA. It is shown that, due to a higher amount of quaternary ammonium hydroxides in the liquid phase of the reaction mixture, the yield of starch cationization decreases. Cationization in the presence of organic bases provides higher sorption capabilities to the modified polysaccharide.     

Formation of biogenic amines by proteolytic enterococci during cheese ripening

Six strains of Enterococcus faecalis and three strains of E faecium were investigated for their proteolytic activity and ability to decarboxylate the amino acids lysine, histidine, tyrosine, ornithine and phenylalanine. All strains tested displayed cell wall‐associated proteolytic activities, and three E faecalis strains displayed additionally extracellular proteolysis. None of the strains tested was able to form putrescine, histamine or cadaverine. Eight strains decarboxylated tyrosine, and two strains of E faecalis and one strain of E faecium formed phenylethylamine. Gouda cheese was produced from milk supplemented with two strains of E faecalis (10⁷ cfu ml⁻¹). Both strains were proteolytic and potent tyramine formers. Final viable counts of 10⁹ cfu g⁻¹ and tyramine concentrations of 477 mg kg⁻¹ were detected after a 12 week ripening period. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Novel B-site scheelite structure ceramic Bi(Ge0.5Mo0.5)O4 and its dielectric properties

Scheelite structure phase inorganic oxides show their irreplaceable role in numerous application areas due to their clear structure and superior properties, especially in dielectrics. Scheelite structure phase BiVO₄ has been permanently studied but substitutions, modifications, and explorations of novel phases persist hitherto and inspire more interest. In this work, we report a novel Scheelite structure phase of Bi(Ge_0.5Mo_0.5)O₄ and a detailed study of both structural analysis and dielectric properties investigation. Bi(Ge_0.5Mo_0.5)O₄ adopts the monoclinic Scheelite structure, identical to BiVO₄, with a dielectric permittivity of ∼ 35, Qf value of ∼20 000 GHz, and TCF value of ‒46 ppm/°C. No secondary ferroelastic transition was seen in Bi(Ge_0.5Mo_0.5)O₄ till 600°C, close to its synthetical temperature. The results indicate the success of discovering a new Scheelite structure phase and its prior engineering potential in modifying and substituting BiVO₄ over the dielectric area, photocatalyst, ion conductor, and so forth.